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Archive for January 22nd, 2011

 Predator and Prey

By Rick Nauert PhD Senior News Editor
Reviewed by John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on October 18, 2010

Laboratory research on a natural predator-prey relationship provides new insight on stress. The findings have implications for care provided to victims of terrorism or natural disasters.

Anxiety, or the reaction to a perceived danger, is a response that differs from one animal or human to another — or so scientists thought.

Researchers at Tel Aviv University believe the laboratory research challenges what we know about stress.

Prof. David Eilam and his research team are spearheading a study designed to investigate the anxieties experienced by an entire social group.

Using the natural predator-and-prey relationship between the barn owl and the vole, a small animal in the rodent family, researchers were able to test unified group responses to a common threat.

The results, which have been reported in the journals Behavioural Brain Research and Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, demonstrated that while anxiety levels can differ among individuals in normal circumstances, surprisingly, group members display the same level of anxiety when exposed to a common threat.

Prof. Eilam says that this explains human behavior in response to trauma or terror, such as the citizens of New York City in the days after the 9/11 terror attacks, or after natural disasters such as the recent earthquakes in Haiti and Chile.

These are times when people stand together and accept a general code of conduct, explains Prof. Eilam.

Read in Full:  http://psychcentral.com/news/2010/10/18/new-insight-on-stress-and-anxiety/19704.html



 

The National Autistic Society has reacted in anger at the news that three men who attacked and tortured a young man with Asperger syndrome have been denied a custodial sentence.

The victim, who is 17 years old, was subjected to a three day ordeal during which he was brutally and maliciously tortured. However, his assailants – Jack Bolton, Andrew Griffin and Nathan Marshall – were handed a meagre 80 hours of community service for their crimes. The victim’s family described the ruling as a “joke”.

Mark Lever, Chief Executive of the National Autistic Society, was “sickened” by the news, and labelled the judgement insulting:

We are sickened and appalled, not only by the heinous acts of violence committed against a vulnerable young man with autism, but by the abhorrent leniency shown to the perpetrators. Their sentence is profoundly insulting to people with autism and their families and in no way reflects the lasting damage disability hate crime inflicts on victims’ lives.

We have kindly been offered a meeting with the Attorney General to discuss the matter further.

Read in Full:  http://www.autism.org.uk/en-gb/news-and-events/news-from-the-nas/torturers-of-young-man-with-asperger-syndrome-walk-free.aspx

 

A whirlwind of hatred against the disabled

Just how far are we, as a society, prepared to let violent crime against the disabled spiral upwards?

Ian Birrell

The Guardian,  Saturday 16 October 2010

The details are sickening. For three days a gang of 18-year-olds tortured a younger autistic boy. They kicked him, stamped on his head, scraped his skin with sandpaper, pelted him with dog shit, forced him to drink alcohol until he passed out and stuck tape to his genitals.

The thugs laughed as they filmed themselves abusing their terrified victim, who can be heard whimpering for mercy. The ordeal only ended when his aunt saw a trainer print on his face. And why did they carry out these vile assaults? Simply because they were bored, they told a court this week.

Apparently Jonathan Geake, the so-called judge in the case, sympathised with their predicament. The three assailants were given just 80 hours’ unpaid community work and a three-month curfew. No signing of the sex offenders register, despite the sexual overtones to the attack. No jail sentence. No justice.

Mencap is now leading a campaign to persuade the attorney general to review this shocking case. But tragically it is not an isolated event. It is just the latest horror story in an epidemic of hate crimes against people with disabilities.

The statistics should shame us all. Nine out of 10 people with learning difficulties have suffered bullying or harassment – indeed, even as the thugs from Eccles were being convicted this week, cases emerged of a disabled woman being bottled as she arrived at her home in Essex and a Yorkshire woman tipped from her wheelchair and mugged. And there is at least one trial going on over the killing of a disabled person, with another looming.

Three years ago there was outrage after the death of Fiona Pilkington, who killed herself and her disabled daughter after years of abuse. Politicians, police and council chiefs all said never again – then said it again after the death of David Askew earlier this year after similar harassment. Yet a recent report found evidence of 68 violent deaths of disabled people and more than 500 potential disability hate crimes over the past three years.

There is no official data on hate crimes against the disabled, since the government does not think it is worth publishing. One helpline has fielded a near-doubling in the number of calls from disabled victims this year, but there have been just 576 prosecutions over the last two years, compared with 11,264 for racial and religious crimes over the last year alone.

Read in Full:  http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2010/oct/16/crime-against-the-disabled



 

Elisha Goldstein, Ph.D. Updated: Oct 14th 2010

When we’re struggling with any myriad of life’s challenges such as stress, anxiety, depression, addiction, ADHD and trauma we can feel pretty isolated and alone. Stories hurl through our minds saying “I’m not good enough,” “Nobody understands me,” or “Nothing’s going to change.” What’s interesting is that the net result of these thoughts is feeling more isolated and alone.

In The Places That Scare You, Pema Chodron writes:

“A young woman wrote to me about finding herself in a small town in the Middle East surrounded by people jeering, yelling, and threatening to throw stones at her and her friends because they were Americans. Of course, she was terrified, and what happened to her is interesting. Suddenly she identified with every person throughout history who had ever been scorned and hated. She understood what it was like to be despised for any reason: ethnic group, racial background, sexual preference, gender. Something cracked wide open, and she stood in the shoes of millions of oppressed people and saw with a new perspective. She even understood her shared humanity with those who hated her.”

Read in Full:  http://www.mentalhelp.net/poc/view_doc.php?type=doc&id=40662&cn=5



 

Article Date: 15 Oct 2010 – 3:00 PDT

Disorganised and emotionally unstable, poorly adapted, suffering from alcohol problems, impulsive, or with a “globally adapted” personality. These are the features of the four diagnosed types of compulsive gamblers identified by researchers at the University Hospital of Bellvitge (IDIBELL) and the Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB). According to the scientific team, only one of these four shows signs of a significant pathology.

“We need to use different treatments for each sub-group of pathological gamblers in order to respond to their specific therapeutic difficulties and needs”, Susana Jiménez Murcia, co-author of the study and coordinator of the Pathological Gambling Unit at the Bellvitge-IDIBELL Hospital in Barcelona, tells SINC.

The results of the study, which has been published in the Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, show that it is possible to distinguish four groups of pathological gamblers based on their personality traits and associated psychopathology.

Disorganised and emotionally unstable, poorly adapted, suffering from alcohol problems, impulsive, or with a “globally adapted” personality. These are the features of the four diagnosed types of compulsive gamblers identified by researchers at the University Hospital of Bellvitge (IDIBELL) and the Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB). According to the scientific team, only one of these four shows signs of a significant pathology.

According to the researchers, who studied 1,171 people, types I and II are pathological gamblers who exhibit problems in controlling their responses, “but only type II shows signs of a significant concurrent psychopathology”, with high levels of impulsiveness and sensation-seeking.

Resisting the urge to gamble

Pathological gambling has been defined as a progressive and chronic collapse in the ability to resist the urge to gamble. It is a kind of behaviour that damages and harms personal, family and career-related goals (APA, 2000). In mental illness manuals, pathological gambling is classified as a “disruption in the ability to control impulses”.

“However, this classification has generated a certain degree of polemic among the scientific community, due to the high degree of heterogeneity that exists in this disorder”, the researcher explains.

For this reason, the scientific community is now looking into the possibility of introducing a new diagnostic category called “behavioural and substance addictions” in the new editions of manuals such as the Quinto Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales (DSM-5) (Fifth Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders).

Four kinds of compulsive gamblers

Type I, which could be called ‘disorganised and emotionally unstable’, is characterised by schizotypal personality traits, high degrees of impulsiveness, alcohol and substance abuse, psychopathological alterations and early onset age.

Type II, which is a schizoid type, exhibits high levels of harm avoidance, social distancing, and alcohol abuse.

Type III is reward-sensitive, and is characterised by high levels of sensation-seeking and impulsiveness, although without any psychopathological alterations.

Type IV is a high functioning, globally-adapted personality type, without any disorders relating to substance abuse, and no associated psychopathological alterations.

Source: Plataforma SINC, AlphaGalileo Foundation.

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/204682.php



 

Article Date: 15 Oct 2010 – 0:00 PDT

If you want to have good mental health, it’s not enough to just have a job, you should also have a job that satisfies you, according to new research from The Australian National University.

The research, led by Dr Liana Leach of the Centre for Mental Health Research at ANU, found that employment isn’t always linked to better mental health. In fact, people who moved from unemployment into poor quality jobs were much more likely to be depressed than those who were still unemployed. The researchers’ work is published in this month’s BMC Public Health and is released as part of Mental Health Week.

“Our work found that people in poor quality jobs – jobs which were insecure, did not provide future job prospects or had high levels of strain – had no better mental health than people who were unemployed,” said Dr Leach.

“In fact, the research showed that people who moved from being unemployed into poor quality jobs were significantly more likely to be depressed at follow-up than those people who remained unemployed.”

Research generally shows that people who are employed have better mental health than those who are unemployed. The findings from this research indicate that things may not be that simple and that employers may need to be more aware of the roles they ask staff to perform

Read in Full:  http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/204410.php

 

Brain Imaging Reveals How We Learn From Our Competitors

Article Date: 15 Oct 2010 – 0:00 PDT

Learning from competitors is a critically important form of learning for animals and humans. A new study has used brain imaging to reveal how people and animals learn from failure and success.

The team from Bristol University led by Dr Paul Howard-Jones, Senior Lecturer in Education in the Graduate School of Education and Dr Rafal Bogacz, Senior Lecturer in the Department of Computer Science, scanned the brains of players as they battled against an artificial opponent in a computer game.

In the game, each player took turns with the computer to select one of four boxes whose payouts were simulating the ebb and flow of natural food sources.

Players were able to learn from their own successful selections but those of their competitor failed completely to increase their neural activity. Instead, it was their competitor’s unexpected failures that generated this additional brain activity. Such failures generated both reward signals in the brains of the players, and learning signals in regions involved with inhibiting response. This suggests that we benefit from our competitors’ failures by learning to inhibit the actions that lead to them.

Read in Full:  http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/204582.php



 

Article Date: 15 Oct 2010 – 0:00 PDT

Unlike humans, honey bees, when thrown into highly time-altered new societal roles, are able to alter their biological rhythms with alacrity, enabling them to make a successful “quick switch” in their daily routines, according to research carried out at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

With people, on the other hand, disturbances to their biological clocks by drastic changes in their daily schedules are known to cause problems – for example for shift workers and for new parents of crying, fitful babies. Disturbance of the biological clock – the circadian rhythm – can also contribute to mood disorders. On a less severe scale, international air travelers all know of the “jet lag” disturbance to their biological clocks caused by traveling across several time zones.

Bees, however, have now been shown to be highly resilient to such change. When removed from their usual roles in the hive, the bees were seen to quickly and drastically change their biological rhythms, according to a study by Prof. Guy Bloch of the Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior of the Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences at the Hebrew University. His research is published in the current edition of The Journal of Neuroscience.

The changes, he found, were evident in both the bees’ behavior and in the “clock genes” that drive their internal biological clocks. These findings indicate that social environment had a significant effect on both behaviour and physiology.

Circadian rhythm, the body’s “internal clock,” regulates daily functions. A few “clock genes” control many actions, including the time of sleeping, eating and drinking, temperature regulation and hormone fluctuations. However, exactly how that clock is affected by — and affects — social interactions with other animals is unknown. 

Read in Full:  http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/204584.php



 

ScienceDaily (Oct. 14, 2010) — New research from the Bradley Hasbro Children’s Research Center may help clinicians better predict how a child with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) will respond to some of the most commonly used treatment approaches. The findings, published in the October issue of the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, could help guide important clinical decisions about the best intervention for children with this often debilitating anxiety disorder.

“Until now, there has been little information about which OCD treatment to recommend to particular pediatric patients,” said lead author Abbe Garcia, PhD, director of the Bradley Hasbro Children’s Research Center (BHCRC) Pediatric Anxiety Research Clinic. “Our study identified some characteristics of children with OCD that could help us predict which patients are most likely to benefit from particular treatments, similar to a personalized medicine approach.”

OCD is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and/or repetitive behaviors (compulsions). The symptoms reported by children are similar to those seen among adults with OCD. According to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, as many as 1 in 200 children and adolescents struggle with OCD.

Read in Full:  http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/10/101014111331.htm



Love can ease pain, say brain researchers


Love hurts, at least according to many a romantic songwriter, but it may also help ease pain, US scientists suggest.


Brain scans suggest many of the areas normally involved in pain response are also activated by amorous thoughts.


Stanford University researchers gave 15 students mild doses of pain, while checking if they were distracted by gazing at photos of their beloved.


The study focused on people early in a romance, journal PLoS One reported, so the “drug of love” may wear off.


The scientists who carried out the experiment used “functional magnetic resonance imaging” (fMRI) to measure activity in real-time in different parts of the brain.


It has been known for some time that strong feelings of love are linked to intense activity in several different brain regions.


These include areas linked to the brain chemical dopamine, which produces the brain’s feel-good state following certain stimulants – from eating sweets to taking cocaine.


“Light up”


The Stanford University researchers had noticed that when we feel pain, some of the same areas “light up” on the scans – and wondered whether one might affect the other.


They recruited a dozen students who were all in the first nine months of a relationship, defined as “the first phase of intense love”.


Each was asked to bring in a picture of the object of their affection and photos of what they deemed an equally attractive acquaintance.


“Start Quote


It’s important to recognise that people who feel alone and depressed may have very low pain thresholds, whereas the reverse can be true for people who feel secure and cared for”


End Quote Professor Paul Gilbert University of Derby


While their brains were scanned, they were shown these pictures, while a computer controlled heat pad placed in the palm of their hand was set up to cause them mild pain.


They found that viewing the picture of their beloved reduced perceptions of pain much more than looking at the image of the acquaintance.


Dr Jarred Younger, one of the researchers involved, said that the “love-induced analgesia” appeared to involve more primitive functions of the brain, working in a similar way to opioid painkillers.


“One of the key sites is the nucleus accumbens, a key reward addiction centre for opioids, cocaine and other drugs of abuse.


“The region tells the brain that you really need to keep doing this.”


Read in Full:  http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-11537063


‘Selfless Genes Attract Mates’


Article Date: 14 Oct 2010 – 2:00 PDT


There is genetic evidence that selfless or altruistic behaviour may have evolved because it was one of the qualities our ancestors looked for in a mate.


This is the finding of Dr Tim Phillips and colleagues from the University of Nottingham and Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London whose results were published in the British Journal of Psychology last week.


The study investigated whether altruistic behaviour evolved as a result of sexual selection. 70 identical and 87 non-identical female twin pairs completed questionnaires relating to their own levels of altruism (e.g. ‘I have given money to charity’) and how desirable they found this in potential mates (e.g. ‘Once dived into a river to save someone from drowning’).


Statistical analysis of their responses revealed that genes influenced variation in both the subjects’ preference towards a mate and their own altruistic behaviour an indication that sexual selection might be at work.


Interestingly, there was also a genetic correlation between the two. This suggested that, in our evolutionary past, those with a stronger mate preference towards altruistic behaviour mated more frequently with more altruistic people, thus further supporting a link with sexual selection.


Read in Full:  http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/204514.php


New Research Links Visual Cues To Male Sexual Memory


Article Date: 13 Oct 2010 – 4:00 PDT


A new study published in Applied Cognitive Psychology finds that college-aged men are very likely to remember a woman’s initial sexual interest (attraction or rejection), especially when the woman in question is thought to be attractive, is dressed more provocatively, and expresses positive sexual interest.


In the study the men were shown full-body photographs of college-aged women who expressed cues of sexual interest or rejection. The participating males represented mixed sexual histories, and a capacity for varying degrees of sexually aggressive behavior.


The ability to discriminate accurately between photos that the males had and had not seen previously indicated good memory for women’s sexual interest. Throughout the study they were presented with previously viewed photos and new photos of the same women in which they communicated the opposite cue (e.g., rejection instead of sexual interest). The average young man showed excellent memory for whether women initially displayed sexual interest or rejection. However, males showed better memory for the woman’s sexual-interest when the woman was broadly more appealing to him: she initially expressed positive sexual interest, was dressed more provocatively, and was thought to be attractive.


Read in Full:  http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/204409.php


You Always Hurt the One You Love


3 Danger Signs Your Partner May Be Having An Affair


By Elvira G. Aletta, Ph.D.


Mira Kirshenbaum is one of my favorite relationship experts. She has written two books that I often recommend to my clients: Too Good to Leave, Too Bad to Stay and Women and Love. They are easy reads, full of compassion and insight.


As I contemplated writing a post about how couples become vulnerable to affairs I read this interview of Ms. Kirshenbaum where she really says it all: Is Your Partner Cheating on You? on Mira’s blog. Here she talks not only about real risk factors, she also rules out signs that could be misread. In other words, not all suspicious signs point to an affair.


“…it’s not so much about warning signs. It’s about risk factors. And if you know what the risk factors are, you can do something about them and have a better relationship to boot…”


Here is an excerpt from the interview.


The Interviewer: …can you assess the risk that your relationship will be hit by an affair, that your partner (or maybe you!) will end up cheating one day soon?

Read the rest of this entry »



Amber Gristak

NY Autism Examiner


Autism in love. Falling in love with a man or woman and making a family is all a part of the American dream. However, for the parents of children with autism, this question can be a point of sheer confusion, and for many mothers I have spoken to this is a regular occurrence in their daily prayer to their belief in a higher power. Find out how an Aspie couple blended into a perfect match.


Bethany


For Bethany, whose name has been changed in this article for her privacy, life among the social scene of the world came easily for her. She participated in student government and cheerleading and was involved in other extracurricular activities such as dance classes and volunteering activities. In college, she attended a large university, was asked to join a sorority and was a cheerleader her freshman year. She aspired to become a politician and worked for various politicians in her state’s capital.


However, while Bethany may seem like she was the perfect picture of socially connected she never felt comfortable in that world. Bethany had a social attunement and was able to view the actions of others, sort them by the social responses they received and mimic the actions of others in a precise way, which to the onlooker seemed to come completely natural to her.


This skill also came in handy in Bethany’s work environment. However, other aspects of Bethany’s “normal” response to situations caused Bethany to become mentally injured while working in a typical work environment. Bethany’s body felt pain when persons didn’t keep their self-imposed deadlines. Bethany also became enraged, inside, as co-workers acted out in passive-aggressive ways. Her inability to understand the negative actions of other people completely immobilized Bethany from doing anything for hours sometimes days.


Socially, Bethany could be completely happy while withdrawn from all people for prolonged periods of time. However, when around people, in a social scene Bethany inspired others with her precise wording and natural positive nature. Once, Bethany was an adult, it was easy to see that her core group of close friends were all hard working eccentrics whom had made mark on society, via hard work and dedication. They all had few close friends but were they were all meticulous in their attention to the emotional needs of those friends.


Bethany realized that when it came to dating, she was easily bored. The boredom stemmed from her attuned ability to figure out the most intricate detailed aspects of a person’s character and future behaviors, within a very short amount of time. More specifically, her ability to always know the persons next move, based upon their previous actions, their use of particular words and their subconscious truth that spilled out in their vocal tone. Bethany left her aspiration to date in her past. Until, a relationship snuck itself into her very closed world.


Alexander


Alexander, whose name has been changed in this article for his privacy, grew up in a closed environment. He had never been social nor did her have any aspiration to do so. People were the last thing her wanted to be around. He lived with his family. As a child, teen and adult he avoided the dinner table when guests would come. When his multiple siblings would invite guests to the house, he would hide in areas they would never go into. He wanted nothing to do with people.


Alexander could go for weeks without talking. However, what no one realized was that his refrained speech came from a lack of engagement in the form of a word-sensitive speech pattern. Thus meaning, he would have spoken when asked a question that he felt made sense to give a full answer to.


For example, if someone asked, “what time did you wake up?” He would not answer. However, if they asked in way that provided a specific reasoning to the otherwise unimportant, simply “small-talk” question, then he would answer. This means wording the question to include a reason, for example, “I thought I heard someone up in the house, very early, everyone else was asleep, what time did you get up?”


Alexander also lived in a state of hypersensitivity to the commonly undetectable energy (radiation) he could feel when touching any object. To touch certain objects he could feel the rise and fall of his own energy level. Simple tasks, such as passing the water at the dinner table, when combined with other simple tasks, could leave his overall being in a state of depletion. His awareness of this was something that he took very seriously and therefore refrained from all actions that could be done by someone else. This left his family even more disturbed by the actions of their son.


Alexander continued his life. He refrained from ever getting a job, as he realized that it would be “too much of a strain for him.” However, he continued learning by reading dictionaries, maps and books on astronomy, math and various metaphysical topics, into his early thirties. Living at home, there was regular conflict surrounding the situation. Eventually, Alexander’s world shook and his father passed away. With that, his mother sold the home and he went to live with another family member.


At age 31, Alexander was in a new place with new people and his same avoidance of all social settings. However, in the new setting, in order to acquire food he was required to attend the weekly dinner parties that his family had to entertain friends. He attended. Mostly sitting in silence, or with the use of very few words, Alexander became a pat of the scenery.


Hello, why are you like that?


When Bethany met Alexander, at his family’s dinner party, she thought nothing of him. More specifically, she didn’t even realize he was of relation. Weeks went by and she noticed he was also around; still, it was irrelevant to her, as he never had anything to say to her.


However, one day, Bethany began to notice the details of what Alexander didn’t do. One night, while seated next to him, she noticed that he wouldn’t pass food and drinks. She saw that his family would stretch and lean to get things that he could have easily handed them. She was confused by that. She discreetly watched him for the next few hours.


After that dinner, she spoke to his family. She questioned how his actions made sense. His family explained it via the line “that’s just how he is.” While Bethany was baffled by their inability to understand someone they had known their whole life, she realized this was an opportunity to use her precise skills of reading people.


That night she spoke with him for hours. But mostly, she let him speak. In a calculated manner, she asked the right questions. And, the end of the conversion, he was surprised. She was not.she remembered he was still “just a guy” and used that to her advantage,bestowing complements that would feed his un-blossomed ego and enable him to feel comfortable enough to continue to speak, share and grow in an extroverted manner. However, she was interested in continuing to learn about Alexander, as everything he had told her had precise detail behind it. Out of the thousands of people whom she met in her life, he was the first to provide intricate reasoning for all his actions. He was also the first to seem to sit outside of the “typical” mold.


Love? And, Late Diagnosis


Bethany became entranced with Alexander’s attention to detail and restrictive commitments that he placed upon himself to manage his behaviors and prevent particular responses from occurring. Bethany realized that Alexander understood how to be sensitive to the triggers that have the ability to immobilize her and she could trust that he would also remain attentive to refrain from injuring her in these ways. Alexander admired Bethany’s open-minded outlook and respected her vast knowledge of people and situations and her ability to comprehensively understand new things very quickly. He felt that her desire to be with him and provide for him was a priceless gift.


Read in Full:  http://www.examiner.com/autism-in-new-york/autism-love-dating-marriage-and-confusion-an-aspie-relationship



 XMRV

Rebecca Garcia

A study released today in Molecular Autism found no Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus- Related Virus (XMRV) in 230 autism samples and 204 healthy controls. The study was conducted jointly by Cooperative Diagnostics and the Greenwood Genetic Center. Controversy has surrounded XMRV since the first publication in Science October 9, 2009. The original publication associated XMRV with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Since the Science publication, several laboratories and government agencies around the world have tried to test for XMRV and have found nothing. With no XMRV results produced or reproduced, it leads one to believe that the original lab might have detected false positives. Dr. Mikovits and her associates continue to support their initial findings quite aggressively, while in the CFS and autism communities, bitter tension rises and some scratch their heads in puzzlement. Still it remains that the only reproducible results for XMRV are the negative results.

Read in Full: http://www.examiner.com/gluten-free-in-greenville/xmrv-not-related-to-autism