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The Government has launched a new consultation on the statutory guidance it is producing for local authorities and health bodies delivering services for adults with autism in England.

The National Autistic Society welcomes the consultation and the development of this guidance, which is a key part of the Autism Act 2009.

The new guidance will be statutory, which means that any local authority or local health body that doesn’t follow it can be challenged through the courts.

It is therefore very important that the guidance says the right things, so that people with autism and their parents and carers can use it to get the support they need locally.

We want to urge as many people as possible to tell the Government what they think should be in the statutory guidance.

How you can get involved

There are a number of ways that you can get involved and let the Government know what you think of its draft guidance.

Download the consultation document and questionnaire. There are standard and easy read versions of both documents available. You do not have to answer every question in the questionnaire. You can also send in comments on the draft guidance without answering the questionnaire.
Send yourÂ completed questionnaireÂ by post to:Â Â Â Â Â

Adults with autism statutory guidance consultation
Department of Health
Unit 124
Wellington House
133-155 Waterloo Road
London SE1 8UG

or by email to autism@dh.gsi.gov.uk
Organise your own a consultation event. The Department of Health has developed a toolkit to help you do this.
Tell us what you think of the guidance and we will look at your views when we are writing our own response. To let us know what you think of the guidance, email policy@nas.org.uk

The consultation runs until 22 October 2010.

Courtship to Marriage: A Tricky Transaction

By Robert Stone

In Greek mythology, there are some marvelous stories of marriage. Here, for instance, are two tales about how Zeus and Hera tricked each other into marriage and the inevitable disappointments that follow such chicanery. These stories are wonderful parables for the present.

Wounded Birds

Zeus, the chief and most macho of the gods, fell in love with Hera. An independent and proud goddess, she was not swept off her feet by his wooing and rejected his offer of marriage. Zeus, wounded by this rejection but still wanting the fair Hera, decided to trick her by disguising himself as a poor, bedraggled, wounded bird. Hera, upon seeing the creature, took pity on it. The birdâ€™s suffering struck a sympathetic chord deep within her own heart and she tenderly warmed the pathetic but charming creature at her bosom. Thus it was that Zeus, the great thrower of thunderbolts, won the heart of Hera and eventually tricked her into marriage.

There is much to be learned from this story. Wounded birds can be most disarming. Women often can sense an underlying tenderness and vulnerability that is born of childhood mistreatment or prior hurtful relationships beneath the veneer of macho men. These otherwise independent women will go to incredible lengths to succor such men, especially women whose fathers had a similar core of sadness. They long to fulfill an old desire to restore the wounded bird to health through the generous gift of a love that transcends any love they have ever known.

Read in Full:Â http://psychcentral.com/lib/2006/courtship-to-marriage-a-tricky-transaction/

Â

Make-Up Sex and Other Forms of Self-Sabotage

How To Stop Your Brain From Making Bad Choices

Published on July 29, 2010

by Srini Pillay, M.D.

Self-sabotage always sounds a little absurd. The idea that our brains could want to act against us is a perversity that is difficult to grasp. After all, if our behaviors were all directed toward survival of the species, why would a brain decide to contradict this principle? Here are some perspectives from brain science that explain the basis of self-sabotage.

(1) The unconscious brain does not hear “do” or “do not” [1]: When we want our brains to do things, they usually obey commands. If you say: “get up and walk to the bathroom” the brain will do this. If you ask you brain to stop and look to the left and right prior to crossing, it will oblige. But under conditions of stress, when you say to your brain: “do not drop the red wine” it drops the red wine. This is because under stress the conscious brain has its lights turned out, and the unconscious brain takes over. However, the unconscious brain responds mostly to the “impact” part of the sentence and hears “drop the wine”. Many, many examples of this exist. When people are asked not to think of a word, under stress, they offer precisely that word. Any forbidden idea is more arousing to the brain. Thus, when we think of “not hurting” ourselves, under stress, the brain may do exactly the opposite.

(2) Pleasure and pain are inextricably related [2]: When we experience pain, the body releases mind-altering substances like endorphins which are released to relieve the pain. We are prone to being addicted to this pain since we become addicted to the associated pleasure. When this translates to “make-up sex” the results may not be so detrimental, but when it translates to self-mutilation this can become a problem. Not surprisingly then, there are reports that cocaine abuse (which introduces opiates into the blood and brain) may lead to self-mutilation [3]. The addiction to pleasure may in itelf be a form of pain and stuckness.

Read in Full:Â http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/debunking-myths-the-mind/201007/make-sex-and-other-forms-self-sabotage

Â

New Book Takes A Look At How New Media Is Used To End Relationships

Article Date: 26 Jul 2010 – 0:00 PDT

Leslie checked her Facebook profile late one day and discovered that she was suddenly single. Her now ex-boyfriend had met someone new and she learned this through the ubiquitous news feed that presented her personal rejection like a breaking news story.

When he changed his Facebook profile, he also changed hers as well — they were no longer announced as a couple. Their friends received the news before she had.

There are now many more ways to break up — both in public and in private — and many of them are virtual.

Leslie was one of 72 people that Ilana Gershon, an assistant professor in the Department of Communication and Culture at Indiana University Bloomington, interviewed at length for her new book, The Breakup 2.0: Disconnecting Over New Media (Cornell University Press).

“I was interested in the ways in which people were using new media to break up with each other and also the ways in which new media — which is designed to create connections — creates all sorts of problems when you’re using it to disconnect,” Gershon said.

“Almost everyone still thinks that people should break up face-to-face,” Gershon said. “The only people I interviewed who thought that face-to-face was less than ideal would imagine that they were the ones doing the breaking up, not that they were being dumped.

“But the thing that surprised me is that breaking up by talking on the phone is now much more acceptable than it was 15 or 20 years ago,” she added. “Because you have all these different options for ending relationships — texting, instant messaging, Facebook, e-mail, Twitter — having an actual spoken conversation, even if it isn’t face-to-face, is now widely seen as acceptable.”

Of the people she interviewed, 67 were people who communicate frequently with new technologies, undergraduate college students. “I’m surrounded by a group of people that are breaking up fast and furiously and they were the ones ready to talk to me,” she quipped.Â

Read in Full:Â http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/195733.php

Â

Romantic Breakup Similar to Overcoming Addiction

By Rick Nauert PhD Senior News Editor
Reviewed by John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on July 26, 2010

A recent study shows why it is so hard to end a relationship.

Stony Brook University scientists found evidence that it may be partly due to the areas of the brain that are active during this difficult time.

The team of researchers, which included Arthur Aron, Ph.D., professor of social and health psychology and former graduate students Greg Strong and Debra Mashek looked at subjects who had a recent breakup and found that the pain and anguish they were experiencing may be linked to activation of parts of the brain associated with motivation, reward and addiction cravings.

The study was published in the July issue of the Journal of Neurophysiology.

Read in Full:Â http://psychcentral.com/news/2010/07/26/romantic-breakup-similar-to-overcoming-addiction/16019.html

Â

The American Quest for Bliss in Marriage Has a Checkered Past

Historian Rebecca Davis unveils a century of American obsession with marriage

Published on July 24, 2010

by Bella DePaulo

Bella’s Introduction

There could hardly be a more opportune time to have at hand Rebecca Davis’s smart, thoughtful, and meticulously-researched new book of social history, More Perfect Unions: The American Search for Marital Bliss. As many of you know, I have been exasperated by the recent success of the marriage education movement in getting their messages into the mainstream press – including, for example, the Washington Post and NPR – in a very misleading way that greatly exaggerates any actual effectiveness of the programs. It is as if they got big-time free advertising under the guise of journalism.

As a scientist, I was outraged by what seemed like a co-opting of science. The groups point to scientific findings, thereby burnishing their credentials, without being honest about what the findings really do show. What I saw was an attempt to pursue an ideology, in a way that also generated mega bucks for lots of people, and along the way, added to our culture of matrimania and singlism.

What I had little or no knowledge of before reading Rebecca Davis’s new book was the whole historical context of what Davis calls “the American search for marital bliss.” I didn’t realize the other big, important factors that have been in play over the decades in this struggle to define what marriage should be, what should count as a successful marriage, and what people come to accept as the most effective ways to achieve a good marriage.

I thought this was going to be one short Q & A post, but I learned so much from this amazing scholar that I’m going to continue our discussion over the next several posts.

I’ll say more about Rebecca Davis in the note at the end of this post, but let’s jump straight to the first question.

Read in Full:Â http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/living-single/201007/the-american-quest-bliss-in-marriage-has-checkered-past

Â

Relationships, Former Lovers, and Trust

Allan Schwartz, LCSW, Ph.D. Updated: Jul 24th 2010

Â

Does your boy or girlfriend, husband or wife, keep hiddenÂ pictures on the computerÂ of former lovers?

A reader posted a question to “Ask Dr. Schwartz” entitled:

“My Boyfriend Saved Pictures of his Ex-Girlfriend on His Computer.”

Following is a sample of two responses to thisÂ question that was posted back on January 13, 2010. The initial question dealt with the fact that this woman found photographs of her boyfriend’s former girlfriend saved on his computer. What is interesting to note is the large number of reactions since the initial posting. The original posting and all responses can be found at:

http://www.mentalhelp.net/poc/view_doc.php?type=advice&id=8861&at=7&cn=289#ad8861

E. Mail Question:

“I just found out recently, after being with my boyfriend for more than a year, that he keeps a folder on his computer with recent pictures of his ex-girlfriend which he downloaded from her Facebook account a couple months ago. I found this really weird because it means that he looked her up on Facebook and saved the pictures even though we were together at the time he created the folder.

I had no right to look into his computer and understand this was wrong. I looked into it in the first place because he keeps to himself a lot and I feel as if he’s hiding things from me. I feel really uncomfortable and sad about the situation and would like to talk to him about it. What should I do?”

Read in Full:Â http://www.mentalhelp.net/poc/view_doc.php?type=doc&id=39011&cn=289

Â

January 22nd, 2011

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By Rick Nauert PhD Senior News Editor
Reviewed by John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on July 30, 2010

Despite calls for men to be more sensitive and responsive to feelings, a new study suggests society still prefers for men to be bold and dominant.

Corinne A. Moss-Racusin, a doctoral candidate in Rutgersâ€™ Department of Psychology, explored the consequences for men (and women) when they acted modestly in job interviews.

She co-authored, with graduate fellow Julie E. Phelan and Professor Laurie A. Rudman, â€œWhen Men Break the Gender Rules: Status Incongruity and Backlash Against Modest Menâ€ in the journal Psychology of Men and Masculinity.

According to Moss-Racusin, the applicants in the staged interviews were judged equally competent, but the â€œmodestâ€ males were less liked, a sign of social backlash.

Modesty was viewed as a sign of weakness, a low-status character trait for males that could adversely affect their employability or earnings potential. Modesty in women, however, was not viewed negatively nor was it linked to status.

â€œFor men and women, there are things they must and must not be,â€ Moss-Racusin says.

Read in Full:Â http://psychcentral.com/news/2010/07/30/better-for-men-to-be-macho-than-modest/16236.html

Courtship to Marriage: A Tricky Transaction

By Robert Stone

In Greek mythology, there are some marvelous stories of marriage. Here, for instance, are two tales about how Zeus and Hera tricked each other into marriage and the inevitable disappointments that follow such chicanery. These stories are wonderful parables for the present.

Wounded Birds

Zeus, the chief and most macho of the gods, fell in love with Hera. An independent and proud goddess, she was not swept off her feet by his wooing and rejected his offer of marriage. Zeus, wounded by this rejection but still wanting the fair Hera, decided to trick her by disguising himself as a poor, bedraggled, wounded bird. Hera, upon seeing the creature, took pity on it. The birdâ€™s suffering struck a sympathetic chord deep within her own heart and she tenderly warmed the pathetic but charming creature at her bosom. Thus it was that Zeus, the great thrower of thunderbolts, won the heart of Hera and eventually tricked her into marriage.

There is much to be learned from this story. Wounded birds can be most disarming. Women often can sense an underlying tenderness and vulnerability that is born of childhood mistreatment or prior hurtful relationships beneath the veneer of macho men. These otherwise independent women will go to incredible lengths to succor such men, especially women whose fathers had a similar core of sadness. They long to fulfill an old desire to restore the wounded bird to health through the generous gift of a love that transcends any love they have ever known.

Read in Full:Â http://psychcentral.com/lib/2006/courtship-to-marriage-a-tricky-transaction/

Make-Up Sex and Other Forms of Self-Sabotage

How To Stop Your Brain From Making Bad Choices

Published on July 29, 2010

by Srini Pillay, M.D.

Self-sabotage always sounds a little absurd. The idea that our brains could want to act against us is a perversity that is difficult to grasp. After all, if our behaviors were all directed toward survival of the species, why would a brain decide to contradict this principle? Here are some perspectives from brain science that explain the basis of self-sabotage.

(1) The unconscious brain does not hear “do” or “do not” [1]: When we want our brains to do things, they usually obey commands. If you say: “get up and walk to the bathroom” the brain will do this. If you ask you brain to stop and look to the left and right prior to crossing, it will oblige. But under conditions of stress, when you say to your brain: “do not drop the red wine” it drops the red wine. This is because under stress the conscious brain has its lights turned out, and the unconscious brain takes over. However, the unconscious brain responds mostly to the “impact” part of the sentence and hears “drop the wine”. Many, many examples of this exist. When people are asked not to think of a word, under stress, they offer precisely that word. Any forbidden idea is more arousing to the brain. Thus, when we think of “not hurting” ourselves, under stress, the brain may do exactly the opposite.

(2) Pleasure and pain are inextricably related [2]: When we experience pain, the body releases mind-altering substances like endorphins which are released to relieve the pain. We are prone to being addicted to this pain since we become addicted to the associated pleasure. When this translates to “make-up sex” the results may not be so detrimental, but when it translates to self-mutilation this can become a problem. Not surprisingly then, there are reports that cocaine abuse (which introduces opiates into the blood and brain) may lead to self-mutilation [3]. The addiction to pleasure may in itelf be a form of pain and stuckness.

Read in Full:Â http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/debunking-myths-the-mind/201007/make-sex-and-other-forms-self-sabotage

New Book Takes A Look At How New Media Is Used To End Relationships

Article Date: 26 Jul 2010 – 0:00 PDT

Leslie checked her Facebook profile late one day and discovered that she was suddenly single. Her now ex-boyfriend had met someone new and she learned this through the ubiquitous news feed that presented her personal rejection like a breaking news story.

When he changed his Facebook profile, he also changed hers as well — they were no longer announced as a couple. Their friends received the news before she had.

There are now many more ways to break up — both in public and in private — and many of them are virtual.

Leslie was one of 72 people that Ilana Gershon, an assistant professor in the Department of Communication and Culture at Indiana University Bloomington, interviewed at length for her new book, The Breakup 2.0: Disconnecting Over New Media (Cornell University Press).

“I was interested in the ways in which people were using new media to break up with each other and also the ways in which new media — which is designed to create connections — creates all sorts of problems when you’re using it to disconnect,” Gershon said.

“Almost everyone still thinks that people should break up face-to-face,” Gershon said. “The only people I interviewed who thought that face-to-face was less than ideal would imagine that they were the ones doing the breaking up, not that they were being dumped.

“But the thing that surprised me is that breaking up by talking on the phone is now much more acceptable than it was 15 or 20 years ago,” she added. “Because you have all these different options for ending relationships — texting, instant messaging, Facebook, e-mail, Twitter — having an actual spoken conversation, even if it isn’t face-to-face, is now widely seen as acceptable.”

Of the people she interviewed, 67 were people who communicate frequently with new technologies, undergraduate college students. “I’m surrounded by a group of people that are breaking up fast and furiously and they were the ones ready to talk to me,” she quipped.

Read in Full:Â http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/195733.php

Romantic Breakup Similar to Overcoming Addiction

By Rick Nauert PhD Senior News Editor
Reviewed by John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on July 26, 2010

A recent study shows why it is so hard to end a relationship.

Stony Brook University scientists found evidence that it may be partly due to the areas of the brain that are active during this difficult time.

The team of researchers, which included Arthur Aron, Ph.D., professor of social and health psychology and former graduate students Greg Strong and Debra Mashek looked at subjects who had a recent breakup and found that the pain and anguish they were experiencing may be linked to activation of parts of the brain associated with motivation, reward and addiction cravings.

The study was published in the July issue of the Journal of Neurophysiology.

Read in Full:Â http://psychcentral.com/news/2010/07/26/romantic-breakup-similar-to-overcoming-addiction/16019.html

The American Quest for Bliss in Marriage Has a Checkered Past

Historian Rebecca Davis unveils a century of American obsession with marriage

Published on July 24, 2010

by Bella DePaulo

Bella’s Introduction

There could hardly be a more opportune time to have at hand Rebecca Davis’s smart, thoughtful, and meticulously-researched new book of social history, More Perfect Unions: The American Search for Marital Bliss. As many of you know, I have been exasperated by the recent success of the marriage education movement in getting their messages into the mainstream press – including, for example, the Washington Post and NPR – in a very misleading way that greatly exaggerates any actual effectiveness of the programs. It is as if they got big-time free advertising under the guise of journalism.

As a scientist, I was outraged by what seemed like a co-opting of science. The groups point to scientific findings, thereby burnishing their credentials, without being honest about what the findings really do show. What I saw was an attempt to pursue an ideology, in a way that also generated mega bucks for lots of people, and along the way, added to our culture of matrimania and singlism.

What I had little or no knowledge of before reading Rebecca Davis’s new book was the whole historical context of what Davis calls “the American search for marital bliss.” I didn’t realize the other big, important factors that have been in play over the decades in this struggle to define what marriage should be, what should count as a successful marriage, and what people come to accept as the most effective ways to achieve a good marriage.

I thought this was going to be one short Q & A post, but I learned so much from this amazing scholar that I’m going to continue our discussion over the next several posts.

I’ll say more about Rebecca Davis in the note at the end of this post, but let’s jump straight to the first question.

Read in Full:Â http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/living-single/201007/the-american-quest-bliss-in-marriage-has-checkered-past

Relationships, Former Lovers, and Trust

Allan Schwartz, LCSW, Ph.D. Updated: Jul 24th 2010

Does your boy or girlfriend, husband or wife, keep hiddenÂ pictures on the computerÂ of former lovers?

A reader posted a question to “Ask Dr. Schwartz” entitled:

“My Boyfriend Saved Pictures of his Ex-Girlfriend on His Computer.”

Following is a sample of two responses to thisÂ question that was posted back on January 13, 2010. The initial question dealt with the fact that this woman found photographs of her boyfriend’s former girlfriend saved on his computer. What is interesting to note is the large number of reactions since the initial posting. The original posting and all responses can be found at:

http://www.mentalhelp.net/poc/view_doc.php?type=advice&id=8861&at=7&cn=289#ad8861

E. Mail Question:

“I just found out recently, after being with my boyfriend for more than a year, that he keeps a folder on his computer with recent pictures of his ex-girlfriend which he downloaded from her Facebook account a couple months ago. I found this really weird because it means that he looked her up on Facebook and saved the pictures even though we were together at the time he created the folder.

I had no right to look into his computer and understand this was wrong. I looked into it in the first place because he keeps to himself a lot and I feel as if he’s hiding things from me. I feel really uncomfortable and sad about the situation and would like to talk to him about it. What should I do?”

Read in Full:Â http://www.mentalhelp.net/poc/view_doc.php?type=doc&id=39011&cn=289

January 22nd, 2011

No Comments

RSS

Filed under: Uncategorized

Â

Article Date: 29 Jul 2010

The National Autistic Society (NAS) has ramped up its legal campaigning with the launch of a new Autism Legal Network and a call for cases with the potential to change the law for the half a million people with autism in the UK.

Mark Lever, NAS chief executive, said:

The NAS is evolving. Last year we successfully secured the landmark Autism Act. However, in the current economic climate political campaigning is only going to become more difficult. The Autism Legal Network will play a key and strategic role in our future success. Championing the rights of people with autism through the courts will dramatically increase the reach and impact of our campaigning. Weâ€™ll be working with lawyers to try and set legal precedents and create real and lasting change for people with this serious, lifelong and disabling condition.

In particular, the NAS is appealing for cases aimed at tackling the devastating lack of help for the over 70% of children with autism who also have a mental health problem.Â The call comes after the charityâ€™sÂ You Need to Know campaign found that mental health services fail to help two thirds of children with the condition.

The Autism Legal Network builds on existing legal campaigning by the NAS, begun with the high profile case of Gary McKinnon. The NAS also intervened in the Supreme Court earlier this month in the A v Essex case. This successfully set a legal precedent over the right to education for all children with disabilities. As a result, councils which leave a child with autism without any education risk being held by the courts to have breached that childâ€™s human rights.

During the launch, held at the Law Society on Tuesday 20 July 2010, Mark Lever thanked lawyers for their continued support. Speakers included Ian Wise QC of Doughty Street Chambers and David Wolfe of Matrix Chambers. The event was attended by over 60 guests including representatives from Clifford Chance, Scope, the Childrenâ€™s Society and the Council for Disabled Children.

The NAS Autism Legal Network is open to legal professionals, charities and academics with an interest in autism. For further information visit www.autism.org.uk/legalcampaigning or email legal.development@nas.org.uk

Source:Â http://www.autism.org.uk/news-and-events/news-from-the-nas/autism-charity-raises-the-bar-for-legal-campaigning.aspx

January 22nd, 2011

No Comments

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Filed under: Uncategorized

Â

Article Date: 29 Jul 2010

The National Autistic Society (NAS) has ramped up its legal campaigning with the launch of a new Autism Legal Network and a call for cases with the potential to change the law for the half a million people with autism in the UK.

Mark Lever, NAS chief executive, said:

The NAS is evolving. Last year we successfully secured the landmark Autism Act. However, in the current economic climate political campaigning is only going to become more difficult. The Autism Legal Network will play a key and strategic role in our future success. Championing the rights of people with autism through the courts will dramatically increase the reach and impact of our campaigning. Weâ€™ll be working with lawyers to try and set legal precedents and create real and lasting change for people with this serious, lifelong and disabling condition.

In particular, the NAS is appealing for cases aimed at tackling the devastating lack of help for the over 70% of children with autism who also have a mental health problem.Â The call comes after the charityâ€™sÂ You Need to Know campaign found that mental health services fail to help two thirds of children with the condition.

The Autism Legal Network builds on existing legal campaigning by the NAS, begun with the high profile case of Gary McKinnon. The NAS also intervened in the Supreme Court earlier this month in the A v Essex case. This successfully set a legal precedent over the right to education for all children with disabilities. As a result, councils which leave a child with autism without any education risk being held by the courts to have breached that childâ€™s human rights.

During the launch, held at the Law Society on Tuesday 20 July 2010, Mark Lever thanked lawyers for their continued support. Speakers included Ian Wise QC of Doughty Street Chambers and David Wolfe of Matrix Chambers. The event was attended by over 60 guests including representatives from Clifford Chance, Scope, the Childrenâ€™s Society and the Council for Disabled Children.

The NAS Autism Legal Network is open to legal professionals, charities and academics with an interest in autism. For further information visit www.autism.org.uk/legalcampaigning or email legal.development@nas.org.uk

Source:Â http://www.autism.org.uk/news-and-events/news-from-the-nas/autism-charity-raises-the-bar-for-legal-campaigning.aspx

January 22nd, 2011

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Filed under: Uncategorized

Â

By Rick Nauert PhD Senior News Editor
Reviewed by John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on July 30, 2010Â

An interesting new study suggests people who are extremely active are happier than people who sit idle.

The finding may explain why people confess to being so incredibly busy in todayâ€™s society.

â€œThe general phenomenon Iâ€™m interested in is why people are so busy doing what they are doing in modern society,â€ says Christopher K. Hsee, of the University of Chicago. He co-wrote the study with Adelle X. Yang, also of the University of Chicago, and Liangyan Wang, of Shanghai Jiaotong University.

â€œPeople are running around, working hard, way beyond the basic level.â€

Sure, there are reasons, like making a living, earning money, accruing fame, helping others, and so on. But, Hsee says, â€œI think thereâ€™s something deeper: We have excessive energy and we want to avoid idleness.â€

For the study, volunteers completed a survey, then had to wait 15 minutes before the next survey would be ready. They could drop off the completed survey at a nearby location and wait out the remaining time or drop it off at a location farther away, where walking back and forth would keep them busy for the 15 minutes.

Either way, they would receive a candy when they handed in their survey. Volunteers who chose to stay busy by going to the faraway location were found to be happier than those who chose to be idle.

Read in Full:Â http://psychcentral.com/news/2010/07/30/staying-busy-translates-to-being-happy/16238.html