 
Tolerance of Sleep Deficits Linked to Genetics
Reviewed by John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on October 27, 2010
We all know the type of person who can get by on four hours of sleep without a loss of function. However, for many, four hours of sleep is a nightmare with seriously diminished quality of life. Why the difference?
It may be in our genes, according to new research and an accompanying editorial published in the journal Neurology.
The study looked at people who have a gene variant that is closely associated with narcolepsy, a sleep disorder that causes excessive daytime sleepiness.
However, having the gene variant, called DQB1 *0602, does not mean that a person will develop narcolepsy; depending on the population, 12 to 38 percent of those with the variant do not have the sleep disorder and are considered healthy sleepers.
Also, people without the gene variant can develop narcolepsy, though this is less common.
Read in Full:Â http://psychcentral.com/news/2010/10/27/tolerance-of-sleep-deficits-linked-to-genetics/20203.html
 
A Study Analyses The Relation Between Sleep Disorders And Risk Perception By Drivers Suffering From This Disorder
Article Date: 29 Oct 2010 – 1:00 PDT
Within the framework of a recent research project, University of Granada researchers will analyse how sleep disorders affect risk perception in driving. To such purpose, three last-generation simulators provided by the Faculty of Psychology will be employed.
The purpose of the first study will be to analyse how a specific sleep disorder obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects risk perception in driving, as well as the efficacy of the therapies in development to treat it. Concretely, University of Granada researchers will study how different treatments for OSA improve risk perception in simulated driving. To such purpose, they employed the motorcycle simulator Honda Riding Trainer (HRT) using a multidimensional methodology (psychological, physical, behavioural and subjective measurements).
At present, the University of Granada counts on the only research centre in Europe devoted to study the mental mechanisms leading individuals to risky behaviours when riding a motorcycle. This study could be useful in the future to modify and avoid such behaviours. The Faculty of Psychology was provided with three last-generation simulators in 2009 usually employed to study this type of disorders, within the framework of an agreement signed with the company Honda Motor Co. (Europe).
Read in Full:Â http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/206088.php
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An Interview with Barry Krakow, M.D., on PTSD and Sleep
Initially trained as an internist and emergency room physician, Dr. Krakow’s interest in treatment of sleep disturbances developed after he pursued an interest in medication side effects related to sleep problems. He has since become a sleep researcher, and runs a sleep clinic in Albuquerque, NM specialized in the treatment of sleep problems co-occurring with PTSD and other psychiatric disorders. Though PTSD is associated with nightmares, successful treatment of these nightmares does not necessarily improve sleep. Instead, PTSD (particularly long-term PTSD) often co-occurs with independently diagnosable and treatable sleep disorders including insomnia and apnea. His research suggests that many chronic insomnia patients also have undiagnosed apnea like conditions they are not aware of. He frequently prescribes an imagery technique for treatment of nightmares called Imagery Rehearsal Therapy or IRT. In IRT, patients are taught that nightmares are habitual learned behaviors and therefore modifiable. Patients are then instructed to change their nightmares however they wish and to practice this between sessions. The technique is associated with symptom relief. IRT has no exposure therapy component, but Dr. Krakow does think incorporating one might be helpful. Other sleep disorders are treated using appropriate techniques including use of breathing assistance machines such as adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV), which PTSD patients more readily tolerate than CPAP. Imagery techniques are taught as distraction devices to help patients cope with the discomfort associated with breathing machines. Addressing co-occurring sleep disorders helps PTSD patients rally and cope better during waking hours.
David Van Nuys: Welcome to Wise Counsel, a podcast interview series sponsored by Mentalhelp.net, covering topics in mental health, wellness, and psychotherapy. My name is Dr. David Van Nuys. I’m a clinical psychologist and your host.
…
Links Relevant To This Podcast:
- Dr. Krakow maintains several websites: www.sleeptreatment.com, www.ptsdsleepclinic.com, and www.nightmaretreatment.com which you may visit.
- Dr. Krakow’s books, Insomnia Cures: Sleep Hygiene Practice Makes Permanent
, and Sound Sleep, Sound Mind: 7 Keys to Sleeping Through the Night
, are available at amazon.com
Read in Full/Listen to Podcast:Â http://www.mentalhelp.net/poc/view_doc.php?type=doc&id=39747&cn=100
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Bedtime Texting, Internet Use, Disturbs Sleep And Mood In Teens
Featured Article
Article Date: 03 Nov 2010 – 4:00 PDT
More than half of children and teenagers who text, or surf the internet at bedtime are likely not only to have problems falling asleep, but experience mood, behavior and cognitive problems during the day, said US researchers at a conference in Canada this week, who also found that on average, a teenager sends a total of over 3,400 electronic messages at bedtime every month.
The pilot study, by lead author Dr Peter G. Polos and and colleagues, from the JFK Medical Center, in Edison, New Jersey, was presented at the CHEST 2010, the 76th annual meeting of the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP), which is taking place this week in Vancouver, from 30 October to 4 November.
Polos told the media that one of the most surprising things they discovered was the number of texts and emails each child sent per night, on average they found this to be 33.5.
“It is significant that these children are engaging in stimulating activity when they should be in an environment to promote sleep,” he added.
Polos and colleagues analyzed questionnaire responses from 40 children and young people aged between 8 and 22 and found that those who used electronic technology to do things like text, send emails, surf the internet and play online games at bedtime not only experienced sleep-related problems such as excessive movements, leg pain and insomnia, but also had a “high rate of daytime problems, which can include attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], anxiety, depression, and learning difficulties”, said Polos in a statement.
Read in Full:Â http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/206546.php
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Extraverts Are More Vulnerable To Effects Of Sleep Deprivation After Social Interaction
Article Date: 02 Nov 2010 – 5:00 PDT
A study in the Nov. 1 issue of the journal SLEEP found that vulnerability to sleep deprivation is influenced by the interaction between waking social activity and individual personality traits.
Results show that extraverts who were exposed to 12 hours of social interaction were more vulnerable to subsequent sleep deprivation than those who were exposed to an identical period of isolated activity. Speed on the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) for extraverts in the socially enriched group was significantly slower at 4 a.m., 6 a.m. and noon compared with speed for extraverts in the socially impoverished condition. Introverts’ speed on the PVT was relatively unaffected by prior social exposure.
“Extraverts exposed to socially enriched environments showed greater vulnerability to subsequent sleep deprivation than did extraverts exposed to an identical but socially impoverished environment,” said principal investigator and lead author Tracy L. Rupp, PhD, research psychologist in the Behavioral Biology Branch of the Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience at Walter Reed Army Institute of Research in Silver Spring, Md. “The ability of introverts to resist sleep loss was relatively unaffected by the social environment. Overall, the present results might also be interpreted more generally to suggest that waking experiences, along with their interaction with individual characteristics, influence vulnerability to subsequent sleep loss.”
Read in Full:Â http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/206407.php
 
Wake Up, Mom: Gender Differences in Accepting Sleep Interruptions
ScienceDaily (Nov. 16, 2010) — Working mothers are two-and-a-half times as likely as working fathers to interrupt their sleep to take care of others. That is the finding of a University of Michigan study providing the first known nationally representative data documenting substantial gender differences in getting up at night, mainly with babies and small children.
And women are not only more likely to get up at night to care for others, their sleep interruptions last longer — an average of 44 minutes for women, compared to about 30 minutes for men.
“Interrupted sleep is a burden borne disproportionately by women,” said sociologist Sarah Burgard, a researcher at the U-M Institute for Social Research (ISR). “And this burden may not only affect the health and well-being of women, but also contribute to continuing gender inequality in earnings and career advancement.”
For the study, Burgard analyzed time-diary data from approximately 20,000 working parents from 2003 to 2007, drawn from the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Time Use Survey.
The gender gap in sleep interruptions was greatest during the prime childbearing and child-rearing years of the twenties and thirties, she found.
Among dual-career couples with a child under the age of one, 32 percent of women reported sleep interruptions to take care of the baby, compared with just 11 percent of men. The proportion reporting interrupted sleep declined with the age of the child, with 10 percent of working mothers and 2 percent of working fathers with children ages 1 to 2 reporting sleep interruptions, and just 3 percent of working mothers and 1 percent of working fathers with children ages 3 to 5.
“What is really surprising,” Burgard said, “is that gender differences in night-time caregiving remain even after adjusting for the employment status, income and education levels of each parent. Among parents of infants who are the sole breadwinner in a couple, for example, 28 percent of women who are the sole breadwinner report getting up at night to take care of their children, compared to just 4 percent of men who are the only earner in the couple.”
In related research, Burgard and colleagues found that women get slightly more sleep compared to men. But getting about 15 minutes more total sleep a day may or may not compensate for the greater sleep interruptions women face.
“Women face greater fragmentation and lower quality of sleep at a crucial stage in their careers,” Burgard said. “The prime childbearing years are also the time when earnings trajectories are being established, and career advancement opportunities could well be foregone if women reduce their paid work time or see their workplace performance affected because of exhaustion. As a result, sleep interruption may represent an under-recognized ‘motherhood penalty’ that influences life chances and well-being.”
The findings also have implications for public health interventions to improve sleep. “Generally, these interventions target individual behaviors, such as the use of alcohol, caffeine or tobacco,” said Burgard. “Or they focus on nightly routines that help people to relax and fall asleep or stay asleep more successfully.
“But for parents of young children, the best approach might be discussions and negotiations about whose turn it is to get up with the baby tonight.”
Read in Full:Â http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/11/101116182057.htm
 
Last week, while discussing a study that compared medication and psychotherapy for the treatment of teen depression, I mentioned how the current research suggests that the efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) as treatment for depression in adolescents may vary significantly as a function of small variations between the different versions of CBT used by clinicians. That is, not all CBTs are the same and some types appear to be more effective than others. Are other interventions also sensitive to subtle variations?
Last night I read a recent article published in the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders that compared two similar social skills intervention groups for children with Autism. Social Skills Group Intervention, or SS-GRIN, is one of the most effective social skills training programs for typically developing children and teens with social difficulties. This intervention uses CBT and social learning techniques to teach social skills and peer relations to “at-risk†kids, such as those experiencing severe peer rejection.
Social skills therapy generally has been found to be of mixed effectiveness when used with children and teens with high functioning autism (HFA). Some studies have suggested that it works while others suggest that it doesn’t. However, the type of social skills programs used in previous studies has varied significantly and some studies included implementation of programs designed to teach social skills to typically developing kids, such as SS-GRIN.
 
 We trawl the world’s journals so you don’t have to:
Autobiographical Memory: Context and Consequences (Cognitive Development).
Developmental dyslexia and dysgraphia (Cortex).
‘This issue … addresses ethical, legal, clinical and practical aspects of adjudicative competences [the mental fitness to stand trial and complete other judicial procedures]’. (Behavioral Science and the Law).
Novel Perspectives on Drug Addiction and Reward (Neuroscience and BioBehavioural Reviews).
Cognitive aging, safety, and quality of life (Japanese Psychological Research).
Capturing the Peer Context (Journal of Adolescence).
 
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Neurophilosophy has a wonderful profile the pioneering forensic psychiatrist and criminologist Carleton Simon who was working the street in prohibition-era New York in the 1920s and 30s.
Apparently, a minor celebrity in his day owing to a constant stream of headline-grabbing busts and scientific discoveries, he has since faded into obscurity but this excellent new piece covers his life, work and innovations.
At the forefront of the city’s efforts to keep crime under control was a man named Carleton Simon. Simon trained as a psychiatrist, but his reach extended far beyond the therapist’s couch. He became a ‘drug czar’ six decades before the term was first used, spearheading New York’s war against drug sellers and addicts. He was a socialite and a celebrity, who made a minor contribution to early forensic science by devising new methods to identify criminals. He also tried to apply his knowledge to gain insights into the workings of the criminal brain, becoming, effectively, the first neurocriminologist.
Read in Full:Â http://mindhacks.com/2010/11/06/a-shrink-among-the-shady-in-1920s-new-york/
Jan
22
 
Reviewed by John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on November 9, 2010Â
A new study suggests genetics may influence an individual’s enjoyment of performing good deeds for other people.
According to the study by researchers at the University of Bonn, a minute change in a particular gene is associated with a significantly higher willingness to donate time or money.
People with the genetic alteration gave twice as much money on average to a charitable cause as did other study subjects.
Researchers working with psychologist Professor Dr. Martin Reuter invited their students to take a “retention test†— the roughly 100 participants were to memorize series of numbers and then repeat them as correctly as possible. They received the sum of five Euros for doing this.
Afterwards, they could either take their hard-earned money home or donate any portion of it to a charitable cause. This decision was made freely and in apparent anonymity.
Read in Full:Â http://psychcentral.com/news/2010/11/09/is-there-a-do-good-gene/20681.html
 
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that can affect people who have experienced life-threatening events. This condition, so often associated with combat traumas, also affects many Americans who have lived through other types of traumatic events, such as car crashes or other serious accidents, fires, or natural disasters. Further improving prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of PTSD is a top priority for the VA Research program. VA investigators have recently conducted some of the most pivotal research in the field. Today, Veterans with PTSD can benefit from many effective treatments which were developed and refined over the years in large part due to VA research.
VA Research supports numerous studies designed to understand, treat, and prevent PTSD. These studies range from investigations of the genetic or biochemical underpinnings of the disease to evaluations of new or existing treatments, including large multisite clinical trials. The National Center for PTSD is a VA consortium of research centers focusing solely on the condition.
Some VA studies have improved Veterans’ lives through psychotherapeutic approaches to treat their PTSD symptoms. In one study, VA researchers showed that prolonged exposure therapy in which therapists help patients recall their trauma under controlled conditions was effective in reducing PTSD symptoms in women Veterans who experienced sexual trauma in the military.
“My quality of life has improved 200-fold,” says Jennifer Olds, a Veteran of the first Gulf War who participated in the study. “The research opportunity really made a significant impact on my ability to get through life.”
To complement psychotherapeutic techniques for treating PTSD, researchers sometimes use computer-simulated “virtual reality” to recreate a Veteran’s memories of traumatic events.
Read in Full:Â http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/207807.php
 
by Robert London, MD
I made a great professional connection recently that broadened my perspective about clutter and hoarding. Having long pondered the relationship between clutter, hoarding, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), I decided to consult with a professional decluttering expert, Gillian Wells, a member of the National Association of Professional Organizers, who aids people with issues of clutter. Ms. Wells studied architecture at New York’s prestigious Cooper Union, and now runs a successful business organizing homes, apartments, and offices.
Why is a psychiatrist specializing in cognitive-behavioral therapy interested in decluttering? Over the years, I have worked with a number of OCPD hoarders. In my own work with these patients, I have used guided imagery aimed first at separating into categories items to be disposed of, and then linking a pleasant experience with the act of disposing of the items. In addition, I have used a cognitive-behavioral approach, challenging the absolute need for certain items with a broader range of possibilities and probabilities. For example, I’d say to the patients: “It’s possible that you might need that item, but what is the probability that you would need it?” I’ve found this cognitive approach to be therapeutic when challenging all-or-nothing concepts involving fixed, rigid perceptions as it relates to holding on to clutter and hoarding.
Read in Full:Â http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/two-minute-shrink/201011/decluttering-is-it-therapy
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Fast ForWord is a series of computer programs designed to improve language and reading skills in 4-14 year-old kids with language difficulties. The system is sold and marketed by the Scientific Learning Corporation (www.scilearnglobal.com/the-fast-forword-program/).
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- 1. Standardized measures of single word reading
- 2. Passage reading comprehension
- 3. Receptive Vocabulary
- 4. Expressive Vocabulary
 
Language Intervention Provides Educational Benefits for Pre-School Children
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In the Language 4 Reading project, a team from the University’s Department of Psychology at the University of York have evaluated the benefits of a preschool language intervention program for children who enter school with poorly developed speech and language skills.
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The program targeted three key areas: vocabulary knowledge, narrative and listening skills, with phonics work included in the later stages. Children took part in three group sessions each week, supplemented by individual work once they entered school.
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Read in Full:Â
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/11/101102083651.htm
Language Appears To Shape Our Implicit Preferences
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Children who know two languages tend to perform better than monolinguals on measures of attention and cognitive control.
The bilingual advantage in attention and cognitive control may have important, long-term benefits as well. Preliminary evidence even suggests that their increased use of these systems may protect bilinguals against Alzheimer’s.
Although bilinguals tend to have smaller vocabularies in each language than do children who know one language, bilinguals thus may have an advantage when it comes to certain nonverbal cognitive tasks.
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Read in Full:Â
http://psychcentral.com/news/2010/11/10/cognitive-ability-improved-when-bilingual/20740.html
 
Adolescents in Private Schools Cope Better
Reviewed by John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on October 30, 2010Â
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New research out of the University of Granada now points to an emotional advantage for adolescents who attend private school in that they appear to be able to cope better with problems than their public school counterparts. Â
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Bermúdez noted that “the results obtained show that the type of education center may affect students’ behavior, due to the different social, cultural or education structure that each center has.â€
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Read in Full:
http://psychcentral.com/news/2010/10/30/adolescents-in-private-schools-cope-better/20174.html
 
Parents’ Effort Key to Child’s Educational Performance
ScienceDaily (Nov. 5, 2010) — A new study by researchers at the University of Leicester and University of Leeds has concluded that parents’ efforts towards their child’s educational achievement is crucial — playing a more significant role than that of the school or child.
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This research by Professor Gianni De Fraja and Tania Oliveira, both in the Economics Department at the University of Leicester and Luisa Zanchi, at the Leeds University Business School, has been published in the latest issue of the MIT based Review of Economics and Statistics.
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The researchers found that parents’ effort is more important for a child’s educational attainment than the school’s effort, which in turn is more important than the child’s own effort.
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The study found that the socio-economic background of a family not only affected the child’s educational attainment — it also affected the school’s effort.
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Researcher Professor De Fraja, who is Head of Economics at the University of Leicester, said: “The main channel through which parental socio-economic background affects achievement is via effort.
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Read in Full:Â
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/10/101029121554.htm
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Study Finds Links Between High Schoolers’ Hopes, Educational Attainment
ScienceDaily (Nov. 4, 2010) — It turns out that the high school guidance counselor was right. Students who have high aspirations and put thought into their futures during their high school years tend to reach higher levels of educational attainment, according to a recent study.
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And what’s a significant factor in those goals and expectations taking shape in the first place? It matters if teens are involved in extracurricular activities — whether it’s football, fine arts or French club.
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The research, by Sarah Beal and Lisa Crockett of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, surveyed hundreds of high school students about their educational and career goals and expectations while also examining the types of activities they took part in during high school. Then researchers studied how each activity, from extracurricular clubs and teams to part-time jobs to volunteering, was related to students’ thoughts about their futures.
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They found that students’ educational plans and their occupational goals and expectations were related to and predicted the level of education they ultimately attained. Also, extracurricular activities were related to students’ educational goals and career expectations — and vice-versa.
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That unique relationship, the study says, played a role in predicting how far teens eventually went with their educations.
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Read in Full:Â
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/11/101102164004.htm
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10 Tips to Make The Rest of the Semester Work
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Either way, it may be time to rethink the way you are doing college. It doesn’t have to be so high stress. If you were bright enough to be admitted, you’re bright enough to earn decent grades. But it may require a major shift in your schedule, your attitude, and your work ethic to get there.
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Here are some tips to make the second half of the semester go smoothly for you…
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1. Recommit.
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If you got a string of C-minuses or lower, resist the tendency to give up. However discouraged you may be, letting yourself get overwhelmed will ensure a GPA-busting semester. A new commitment to your studies could bail you out, or at least bail you out enough so that you have something to build on next semester.
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If, on the other hand, you did fine but were so stressed you’re still recovering, you have a different challenge: Resist the tendency to collapse in a grateful heap and coast for a few weeks. You’ll be setting yourself up for another anxiety attack when finals roll around.
2. Understand that school is your job right now.
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If you aren’t putting in a solid eight hours a day Monday through Friday for classes and study, you simply aren’t doing it. That eight hours does not include meals, hanging out with friends, cruising Facebook, or watching Grey’s Anatomy. A workday is just that – a day of working. The upside is that if you really do schedule a respectable eight hours a day, you’ll probably have most of your evenings and your weekends free to do what you want without feeling guilty.
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3. Schedule your time well.
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Plan out each of your weekdays as seriously as you would an assignment for the most important job of your life. Get out a calendar or planner. Write in blocks of time each week for study for each course. Make sure you schedule time for your toughest class and most demanding papers when you are the freshest.
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Read in Full:Â
http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2010/11/08/10-tips-to-make-the-rest-of-the-semester-work/
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Children Find Their Own Way to Solve Arithmetic Problems
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ScienceDaily (Nov. 9, 2010) — Children with learning difficulties can benefit from being encouraged to find their own way to solve arithmetic problems, according to new research from Strathclyde.
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Astudy by Dr Lio Moscardini, in Strathclyde’s Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences, found that children deal better with arithmetical problems if they can use their own intuitive strategies such as using number blocks, drawings or breaking an equation up into smaller, simpler parts- rather than being instructed in arithmetical facts and procedures.
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All the teachers taking part in the study underwent professional development in children’s mathematical thinking before introducing these ideas into their classrooms. Nearly all felt that their pupils had benefited from learning in this way- and several said they had previously underestimated the children’s ability and potential.
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Dr Moscardini, a specialist in additional support needs, said: “We found that pupils with learning difficulties were able to develop an understanding of arithmetic through engaging in these activities, without explicit prior instruction.
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“When teachers have an insight into children’s mathematical thinking they can use this knowledge to inform their teaching. The study also supported the view that maths learning isn’t just about acquiring a series of skills but is about making sense of problems and building understanding.”
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Read in Full:Â
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/11/101108140925.htm
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Children Unhappy At School Turn To Sex And Alcohol
Article Date: 11 Nov 2010 – 0:00 PST
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Young children who don’t like school are more likely to be involved in underage drinking and sexual activity. A study reported in BioMed Central’s open access journal Substance Abuse, Treatment, Prevention and Policy, has found that pupils’ general wellbeing and specific satisfaction with school were both associated with the incidence of risky behaviors.
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Professor Mark Bellis worked with a team of researchers from the Centre for Public Health, Liverpool John Moores University, to carry out the study in more than 3500 11-14 year olds from 15 schools in the North West of England. He said, “As young as 13 years old, children who drink alcohol are much more likely to have had sex. The more they drink, the higher the risks of early sexual behavior. However, here we have looked at the relationships, not just between alcohol consumption and sexual behavior, but also at how these behaviors relate to their feelings about school and home life”.Â
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Read in Full:Â
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/207360.php
Education Is Not Preparation For Life; Education Is Life Itself
Rudy Simone is a writer, jazz singer, and stand-up comedian in San Francisco. She’s also a proud member of an often-misunderstood minority-within-a-minority: a woman on the autism spectrum — or as she prefers to call herself, an “Aspergirl.”
Unlike autistic author and animal-behavior expert Temple Grandin — whose life was the subject of an acclaimed HBO biopic starring Clare Danes — Simone wasn’t diagnosed until she was in her 40s. Diagnosis in mid-life is common for women with Asperger Syndrome. Often highly intelligent and articulate, they’re able to mask their social deficits while leveraging their ability to focus intensely into achievements in school and the workplace.
Simone had a relatively happy — if eccentric — childhood, but when she hit adolescence, the social tide seemed to turn against her, washing away most of her friends. Suddenly, her trusting exuberance and hyper-focus made her weird in the eyes of her peers, and a convenient target for bullying and abuse. One day, Simone’s chief tormentor at school brutally beat her in front of a cheering crowd of older kids. Humiliated, the 12-year-old Simone stopped singing and laughing in public.
These problems intensified as Simone got older. She abruptly walked out on jobs, apartments, friendships, and relationships when things didn’t work as planned. Sometimes the people that Simone left behind when she burned a bridge would tell her there was something “wrong†with her, but she could never put her finger on it. She didn’t feel wrong. Instead, she felt like the world was wrong — a place designed to make other people comfortable, but not her. (Spectrumites sometimes call this feeling “Wrong Planet syndrome.â€)
Read in Full:Â http://blogs.plos.org/neurotribes/2010/10/27/im-right-here-rudy-simone-on-life-as-an-aspergirl/
